The Krib Apistogramma/Dwarf Cichlids	[E-mail]

Apistogramma borellii

by "Ed Pon" <edpon/hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 11 Sep 1997
To: apisto/majordomo.pobox.com

>
>> I have two females and 1 male borellii in a 15 gallon 
>tank.
>> 4 clay flowerpots are scattered about the bottom.
>> No gravel is present in this aquarium.
>> A large portion of the tank is covered with java moss.
>> PH is around 7. A few young Apistogramma sp. "Schwarsaum" fry
>> are used as dither fish. No signs of spawning yet.
>> Any suggestions?
>
>Yes, put some fine gravel or sand on the bottom of the 
>tank, even just under the flower pots.  Take a small chip 
>out of the flower pot rim and then stand them on the rim so 
>that there is only a small hole to enter by.  The female 
>after spawning will often use the sand to block the door 
>and remain inside until the fry are ready to swim.  In my 
>experience female apistos prefer to be completely hidden 
>from view with their eggs.   Even better than lower pots 
>are the clay saucers used to stand a flower pot on, the 
>ones 3-4" diameter provide a nice low roof on which to 
>spawn.
>
>Hope this helps,
>Ken.
>
I have spawned borelli in 5 gallon tanks in my garage.  The tanks had 
just a sponge filter and was filled with Java Moss from top to bottom.  
I used pure R.O. water and a handful of garden variety peat thrown into 
the tank.  I think the privacy that they got from the dense cover of the 
Java Moss and being in my garage helped a great deal.  Diet at that time 
was almost 100% baby brine shrimp.  If the borelli are well fed and have 
a good deal of privacy, spawning does not seem to be a problem.  I 
believe the dense cover provides privacy for the female from the male 
and vice versa, thus lessening domestic strife.  It also provides more 
safety for the fry from the male. 

______________________________________________________
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Maybe not so strange

by "Darren J. Hanson" <djhanson/calweb.com>
Date: Tue, 30 Sep 1997
To: apisto/majordomo.pobox.com

Your female borellii is acting quite normal. I have found that it is much
easier to remove the female and let the males grow up where they are. As for
her actions - she is ready to spawn again and should be placed with the male
again. She is chasing her young because she sees them as a threat to her new
offspring. (Even though she doesn't have a male to spawn with.) The female
will quit caring for the fry at about the time you're talking about.

I spawn my pairs in 10 gallon tanks with just a sponge filter and a fine
layer of fine sand with some bulb plants and a small flower pot. The plants
then are easily removed. Still, the best bet is to remove your female to
another tank.

Kaycy

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Maybe not so strange

by IDMiamiBob/aol.com
Date: Tue, 30 Sep 1997
To: apisto/majordomo.pobox.com

<<             I need help this time understanding what's wrong with my
 Borellii female.
 This is the first time I raise fry in the same tank living the offsprings
 with the female.
 I noticed a good growth rate but I think problems are now coming up.
 The eggs hatched 26 days ago and now the fry are getting bigger really fast
 but the problems is the female. She stopped her parental care 10 days ago
 and layed new eggs 5 days ago. The eggs died because I took out the male
 several days before because it was dangerous for the fry. The female didn't
 care about the eggs and she seems to be newly interested in her 22 days fry
 but now she is acting very strange towards them, she doesn't seem to want
 to eat or fight the fry but she scared them swimming towards them very
 rapidly. I'm thinking that maybe she is starting defending her territory
 also against this little fishes.Maybe this behaviour its not so strange I
 was waiting for this to happen but I didn't think so soon.
 
 Now the big problem is taking them out of this tank the fry are little,
 fast, and too many for  me I need a good system to take them out. I cannot
 siphon them out because they are fast enough to swim away from the plastic
 tube. The tank in wich they are its also heavily planted, so it's really a
 big deal.
 
 What do you think? 

Simone,
    Once the female is ready to spawn again, she will leave her fry and
spawn.  One interesting thing I discovered is that once the female has
spawned the first time, she does not always wait for a male to join her.  She
will defend the territory around these new eggs as though they were viable.
 But in a couple of days, they will turn white, and she will eat them.
    The 23 day old fry are in danger at this point.  If you have another tank
suitable for the female, I would recommend moving her, as she is easier to
catch.  Otherwise, you may have to take out the plants to make catching the
fry possible.  At 22 days, they should be able to take handling with a net.
 A brine shrimp net may be safer, ad there are pores, but no holes.  You
might try 2 nets, using one net to chase the little guys into the other net.

Bob Dixon

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Apistogramma borellii

by "Darren J. Hanson" <djhanson/calweb.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Sep 1997
To: apisto/majordomo.pobox.com

>Simone,
>I have two females and 1 male borellii in a 15 gallon tank.
>4 clay flowerpots are scattered about the bottom.
>No gravel is present in this aquarium.
>A large portion of the tank is covered with java moss.
>PH is around 7. A few young Apistogramma sp. "Schwarsaum" fry
>are used as dither fish. No signs of spawning yet.
>Any suggestions?
>Philip Ryti 
>RYTIREEFS-at-JUNO.COM

My name is Kaycy. I too have spawned the 'borellii'. I used a ten gallon
tank for one pair. Fine layer of sand. Because they are cichlids and like to
move their fry around in pits. I buy bulk dry plant bulbs and let them grow
in the tanks. I also have my pH at 5.0. I use an R.O. unit for all my
apistos. I don't use dither fish because the way my tanks are set up - side
to side - on a rack, the apisto 'next door' gives the same effect as using
dithers. It's a lot safer for the other fish too.

I don't know if this helps you, but it is another way of breeding apistos.

Kaycy

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R: Apistogramma borellii

by "Simone e Pierluigi Vicini" <ps.vicini/flashnet.it>
Date: Thu, 11 Sep 1997
To: "Phillip J Ryti" <rytireefs/juno.com>

----------
> Da: Phillip J Ryti <rytireefs-at-juno.com> wrote:

> I have two females and 1 male borellii in a 15 gallon tank.
> 4 clay flowerpots are scattered about the bottom.
> No gravel is present in this aquarium.
> A large portion of the tank is covered with java moss.
> PH is around 7. A few young Apistogramma sp. "Schwarsaum" fry
> are used as dither fish. No signs of spawning yet.
> Any suggestions?
> Philip Ryti =


Hi Phillip I saw a lot of answers to your questions but I will tell you m=
y
experience as well.

I keep my Borelli in a 15 gallon tank as well, my tank it's heavely
planted, has a coconut as breeding cave and has 2" layer of fine gravel
this may be not necessary but helps because my apistos as most Apistos di=
g
holes in the gravel in wich they move their fry periodically, the gravel
it's also a good hiding place for fry. I use dither fishes but I have to
move them out everytime my Borellii spawn. The PH it's important but
hardness is important as well. You may try to low the hardness gradually =
to
3=B0dKH it means to 50-60 ppm if you are using tap water but anyway I pre=
fer
to use RO instead of tap. Remember that in their habitat they spawn after=

the rain season when the hardness and the conductivity (I don't know the
right spelling of this word) get very low.   =

I have a CO2 system to keep the PH a little acid but I use also peat in m=
y
filter it releases good thinghs (I don't know the translation of "acidi
umici" e "oligoelemetnti")
wich helps the breeding season to come.
I know people who just can't breed their Borellii even if they do all thi=
s
things but the most have good, nice, easy spawnings.
The last thing: try to raise the temperature to 80-81 =B0F if you have it=

lower =


Hope this can help
Simone Vicini (ps.vicini-at-flashnet.it)

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Apistogramma borellii

by "Darren J. Hanson" <djhanson/calweb.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Sep 1997
To: apisto/majordomo.pobox.com

>Simone,
>I have two females and 1 male borellii in a 15 gallon tank.
>4 clay flowerpots are scattered about the bottom.
>No gravel is present in this aquarium.
>A large portion of the tank is covered with java moss.
>PH is around 7. A few young Apistogramma sp. "Schwarsaum" fry
>are used as dither fish. No signs of spawning yet.
>Any suggestions?
>Philip Ryti 
>RYTIREEFS-at-JUNO.COM

My name is Kaycy. I too have spawned the 'borellii'. I used a ten gallon
tank for one pair. Fine layer of sand. Because they are cichlids and like to
move their fry around in pits. I buy bulk dry plant bulbs and let them grow
in the tanks. I also have my pH at 5.0. I use an R.O. unit for all my
apistos. I don't use dither fish because the way my tanks are set up - side
to side - on a rack, the apisto 'next door' gives the same effect as using
dithers. It's a lot safer for the other fish too.

I don't know if this helps you, but it is another way of breeding apistos.

Kaycy

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R: Apistogramma borellii

by "Simone e Pierluigi Vicini" <ps.vicini/flashnet.it>
Date: Thu, 11 Sep 1997
To: "Phillip J Ryti" <rytireefs/juno.com>

----------
> Da: Phillip J Ryti <rytireefs-at-juno.com> wrote:

> I have two females and 1 male borellii in a 15 gallon tank.
> 4 clay flowerpots are scattered about the bottom.
> No gravel is present in this aquarium.
> A large portion of the tank is covered with java moss.
> PH is around 7. A few young Apistogramma sp. "Schwarsaum" fry
> are used as dither fish. No signs of spawning yet.
> Any suggestions?
> Philip Ryti =


Hi Phillip I saw a lot of answers to your questions but I will tell you m=
y
experience as well.

I keep my Borelli in a 15 gallon tank as well, my tank it's heavely
planted, has a coconut as breeding cave and has 2" layer of fine gravel
this may be not necessary but helps because my apistos as most Apistos di=
g
holes in the gravel in wich they move their fry periodically, the gravel
it's also a good hiding place for fry. I use dither fishes but I have to
move them out everytime my Borellii spawn. The PH it's important but
hardness is important as well. You may try to low the hardness gradually =
to
3=B0dKH it means to 50-60 ppm if you are using tap water but anyway I pre=
fer
to use RO instead of tap. Remember that in their habitat they spawn after=

the rain season when the hardness and the conductivity (I don't know the
right spelling of this word) get very low.   =

I have a CO2 system to keep the PH a little acid but I use also peat in m=
y
filter it releases good thinghs (I don't know the translation of "acidi
umici" e "oligoelemetnti")
wich helps the breeding season to come.
I know people who just can't breed their Borellii even if they do all thi=
s
things but the most have good, nice, easy spawnings.
The last thing: try to raise the temperature to 80-81 =B0F if you have it=

lower =


Hope this can help
Simone Vicini (ps.vicini-at-flashnet.it)

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Borellii's prblem solved

by "Simone e Pierluigi Vicini" <psvicini/mdnet.it>
Date: Sat, 1 Nov 1997
To: "apisto" <apisto/listbox.com>

Hi everybody I hope my experience can be usefull to you.

So I had that problem with my Borellii female and I wrote to the list
trying to understand why she was behaving like that.
Now I know why?
I set up my new tank one week ago because I had an algae problem that I
couldn't solve, so the only thing was to take down everything and start
again. I love aquarium plants so I'm trying to have good results with them
and with my apisto.
So my tank was set up again one week ago and my three Borellii at first
were shocked for the new set up infact the female didn't have its territory
signed now.
The male was very aggressive and the female couldn't take a place in the
aquarium because of this male.
I knew she was going to breed.
So the day came and the female was not ready with her territory.
The male bagan to follow her in the aquarium showing his fins waiting for
the spawn, but the female was ready but scared and she did not feel safe in
that condition so she  waited for the spawn  till night. In the meantime
she
layed in the grownd in a bunch of Limnophila, she changed her color from
bright yellow to plae white-yellow.
She layed eggs at night but during the first morning she ate all the eggs.
Now she is yellow again and preparing for the next spawn, she will have
time to set up her territory again.

Thank you all
Bye
Simone Vicini (psvicini-at-mdnet.it)

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A. sp. "opal"

by IDMiamiBob <IDMiamiBob/aol.com>
Date: Sun, 4 Jan 1998
To: apisto/majordomo.pobox.com

Gary-
The "opal" is now identified as a wild color variant of A. borellii.  By your
experience, it is safe to say that the opal color is recessive to the dominant
blue/yellow.  It looks like the aggies aren't the only ones with color
options.  Henry Ford once said, "give them any color they want, as long as
they want black."  I guess Ma Nature was not one of Henry's role models.

Bob Dixon


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A. sp. "opal"

by Mike Jacobs <mfjacobs/geocities.com>
Date: Sun, 04 Jan 1998
To: apisto/majordomo.pobox.com

Frauley/Elson wrote:
> 
> Hi all,
> Happy New year. I just ran across a reference to A. sp. Opal. I had this
> fish once, and thought it was a jumped up, selected borelli. When I
> crossed a male "opal" with a regular borelli female, I got regular
> borelli fry. Is there something I don't know here (always a great
> possibility) or is the opal just a selected form?
> -Gary
> 

Gary.......I've spawned 2 gamillion A.borelli over the last several
years, from the "yellow/blue" form to the "opal" form to the "red-faced"
form, and all of the babies have come out a bunch of each!!!!!
Now there is NOTHING scientific from this ......maybe my strains were
imperfect to begin with, but I got ALL forms from ALL of the
spawns...regardless as to what the "originals" were sold to me
as.....and boy did I ever get promises along those lines!!!!!

The Tetra book says that the different forms live "sympatically".....my
mama always told me to never use a word you can't spell.....boy would
that limit me!!........but that means they are all in the same pond in
nature.........someone else kick in here.  But understand that it is
difficult to tell if you haven't kept or kept track of you fry to
adults....I did that....and with A. borelli that's a long time.

Mike

-- 
.....................................................................................................................................................
     Mike Jacobs		Math Instructor       Lakewood High
School.........C.A.T.
Center for Advanced Technologies    http://www.cat.pinellas.k12.fl.us
        518 63rd Ave South    St Petersburg, Florida    33705
					PH:   813-867-6140     E-Mail:   mfjacobs-at-geocities.com
.....................................................................................................................................................


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Bad mom!

by Simone e Pierluigi Vicini <psvicini/mdnet.it>
Date: Sat, 22 Nov 1997
To: apisto/majordomo.pobox.com

Michael W McGrath wrote:

> Last week I started a 30g planted tank. Right now I have one mature
> female, two mature males, and 3 juvi females in the tank. Last night the
> adult female was spawning with an adult male. After 10 mintues the male
> ran off. No less then 20 sec later the female takes off to 'play'
> or do god knows what. In the mean time, one of the juvi females starts
> eating the eggs. So I watch this happen. And I watch the mom swimming
> about. What's the deal with that? Did she now something about the eggs,
> maybe they where not fertile or what?? Thanks for any help.
>
> Mike
>
>                ==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==
>                            mcgrath-at-citilink.com
>                          mcgrath-at-mad.scientist.com
>                        www.citilink.com/~mcgrath/fish/
>                ==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==--==
>
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------
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I never had something like that. I mean that even if I have some Borellii females
in the tank with one male when they spawn the female guards the eggs and does not
let any other fish to come near the breeding cave. So she started fighting with
the male and with all the other females.

But also this happened to me and maybe can help you:
One of my Borellii female eats her eggs twice and the reasons are these: the
first time I had a lot of fry born three weeks before this happened. The female
guarded them until she was ready to spawn again. She started to fight the fry and
to try to take the male near the cave  but the male was, I think, annoyed by the
fry so he did not spawn but only get near the female.
She layed eggs and she started to take care after them but the day after this the
eggs started fungus and die even if the female tryed to take care of them but
soon the eggs disappeared.
The second time I was setting up the tank again because of an algae problem the
female was very annoyed by the changes of the auqarium set up and she layed eggs
on a leaf of Echinodorus. The male spawn with the female but the day after she
ate the eggs.

I saw this: good Borellii's eggs are of a very bright orange if they are not
fertilized by the male the day after the spawn they loose all their brightness
and started falling off from the place the female attached them.
I f you see again that another juvi female eats the eggs of your good mom try to
take out all the juvi except for the mom and maybe for the dad before the eggs
disappear.

Once my spawning Borellii female layed eggs on a breeding container where I put
the male because I saw him eating the small fry born from the previous spawning.
She layed eggs right on one side of the container in wich the male was caged
hoping that he could fertilize them. When I saw this I said to myself "WOW HAVE
YOU SEEN THAT? HEY DON'T DO THAT AGAIN."
It was just incredible.

Bye
Simone Vicini (psvicini-at-mdnet.it)

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Apisto. retzei

by Jota Melgar <jsmelgar/compuserve.com>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 1998
To: "INTERNET:apisto/majordomo.pobox.com" <apisto/majordomo.pobox.com>

Nick wrote:

>I recently received about 12
>fish that were called Apisto. retzei by the shipper in Florida.  Has
>anyone heard of these or is it a misnamed fish by the suppier?

Nick, 

This is a junior name (old name) for  A. borelli. Gives us a short
description of your fish to see if we can help you determine if it is A.
borelli.

Julio


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small fish

by Mike Jacobs <mfjacobs/geocities.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Sep 1998
To: apisto/majordomo.pobox.com

Eric Olsen said:

>We've spawned borellii, but
>the fry are still tiny even after almost a year.

Folks.......I've had 5-6 batches of A. borellii in he last 1 1/2 that I
chose to keep and raise..........I experienced the same thing that Eric
did with the borellii.....SMALL babies after a year.  Folks these aren't
in a 10 gallon.  They are in a 125 gallon and get feed 2-3 times a day
with live bbs and live black works.  Two of the batches grew just fine
and were quite the studs.....yellow/blue.......and one batch was the
supposed "opal-red mask".  But I have been "under-ground "with my small
borellii till I could be sure what is going on......Eric came out so I
am also.  Any suggestions or comments?

Mike


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small fish

by "Darren J. Hanson" <djhanson/calweb.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Sep 1998
To: apisto/majordomo.pobox.com

> Folks.......I've had 5-6 batches of A. borellii in he last 1 1/2 that I
> chose to keep and raise..........I experienced the same thing that Eric
> did with the borellii.....SMALL babies after a year.  Folks these aren't
> in a 10 gallon.  They are in a 125 gallon and get feed 2-3 times a day
> with live bbs and live black works.  Two of the batches grew just fine
> and were quite the studs.....yellow/blue.......and one batch was the
> supposed "opal-red mask".  But I have been "under-ground "with my small
> borellii till I could be sure what is going on......Eric came out so I
> am also.  Any suggestions or comments?
Believe it or not, try adding finely ground basic flake food. I have had
growth spurts with my young apistos that did the same thing. Once I
figured out just adding basic flake to the diet, I would feed the fry
the first couple weeks with the live BBS and then started adding the
basic flakes and didn't have a problem with the growth rate. I think
that feeding them just the live BBS and worms is still lacking something
in the diet that the basic flake gives them.

This is just something I tried and had luck with it.

Kaycy


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borelli

by "Sanford, Dave LHS-STAFF" <SanfordD/issaquah.wednet.edu>
Date: Fri, 18 Sep 1998
To: "'apisto list'" <apisto/majordomo.pobox.com>

hi, My borelli seem to grow about as fast as other Apistos, and faster than
my nijsseni.  I feed primarily bbs, but lots of it.
Also they get a squirt of daphnia with cyclops(there are always tiny ones
they can eat), and I agree with Kacey, a pinch of finely
ground flake is good.  I use earthworm flake that someone suggested several
months ago.


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RE: A. borellii

by BigJohnW/webtv.net (John Wubbolt)
Date: Mon, 19 Jun 2000
To: apisto/majordomo.pobox.com

Hello Dave
I've had Opal in the past and spawned them, got rid of them because i
didnt like the coloration of the fish, not as nice as a yellow throat
blue bodied Borelli

John

RE: New picture up.

by "Max Gallade" <m.gallade/jdneuhaus.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Jun 2000
To: <apisto/majordomo.pobox.com>

Ken,
I remember reading about the A.borellii "opal" in Uwe Roemers book.I think
he wrote that the "opal" is  an aquarium bred strain developed in former
east Germany .I don't have the book with me at work.I will double check
tonight. Maybe MW can help us out with this?
Max
> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-apisto@admin.listbox.com
> [mailto:owner-apisto@admin.listbox.com]On Behalf Of Ken Laidlaw
> Sent: Wednesday, June 28, 2000 3:07 AM
> To: 'apisto@majordomo.pobox.com'
> Subject: RE: New picture up.
>
>
> This fish is definately an A.borellii and by the red on the operculum I'd
> say it is what is called an "opal"
>
> Does anyone know if the "opal" is a local wild population or an aquarium
> bred strain?
>
> Ken.
>
> >
> > There is a picture up of A. borrellii opal.  We figured out
> > what the other
> > one was, and someone (was it Raymond?) wanted to see the fish
> > that spawned.
> > This one is pretty close.
> >  <A
> > HREF="http://hometown.aol.com/idmiamibob/myhomepage/index.html">Bob's
> > Home Page</A>
> > If the link doesn't work, try
> > http://hometown.aol.com/idmiamibob/myhomepage/index.html
> >
> > Bob
> >
> >
> > --------------------------------------------------------------
> > -----------
> > This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@listbox.com.
> > For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help,
> > email apisto-request@listbox.com.
> > Search http://altavista.digital.com for "Apistogramma Mailing
> > List Archives"!
> >
>
>
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------
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> List Archives"!
>

New picture up.

by Mike & Diane Wise <apistowise/bewellnet.com>
Date: Thu, 29 Jun 2000
To: apisto/majordomo.pobox.com

Max,

You are correct. Uwe says that A. sp. Opal is a domestic aquarium strain
originating from the DDR (former East Germany). They apparently were line bred to
reduce the amount of yellow on the body. Koslowski, however, considered A. sp.
Opal as any red masked blue A. borellii, be it wild or domestic. Staeck reports
that he found such "super" specimens of A. borellii mixed in with normal forms
wherever he collected them. A. borellii also seems to have more blue in the
southern part of it range & more yellow in the northern part, but that no color
forms are completely isolated.

Mike Wise

Max Gallade wrote:

> Ken,
> I remember reading about the A.borellii "opal" in Uwe Roemers book.I think
> he wrote that the "opal" is  an aquarium bred strain developed in former
> east Germany .I don't have the book with me at work.I will double check
> tonight. Maybe MW can help us out with this?
> Max
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: owner-apisto@admin.listbox.com
> > [mailto:owner-apisto@admin.listbox.com]On Behalf Of Ken Laidlaw
> > Sent: Wednesday, June 28, 2000 3:07 AM
> > To: 'apisto@majordomo.pobox.com'
> > Subject: RE: New picture up.
> >
> >
> > This fish is definately an A.borellii and by the red on the operculum I'd
> > say it is what is called an "opal"
> >
> > Does anyone know if the "opal" is a local wild population or an aquarium
> > bred strain?
> >
> > Ken.
> >
> > >
> > > There is a picture up of A. borrellii opal.  We figured out
> > > what the other
> > > one was, and someone (was it Raymond?) wanted to see the fish
> > > that spawned.
> > > This one is pretty close.
> > >  <A
> > > HREF="http://hometown.aol.com/idmiamibob/myhomepage/index.html">Bob's
> > > Home Page</A>
> > > If the link doesn't work, try
> > > http://hometown.aol.com/idmiamibob/myhomepage/index.html
> > >
> > > Bob
> > >
> > >
> > > --------------------------------------------------------------
> > > -----------
> > > This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@listbox.com.
> > > For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help,
> > > email apisto-request@listbox.com.
> > > Search http://altavista.digital.com for "Apistogramma Mailing
> > > List Archives"!
> > >
> >
> >
> > -------------------------------------------------------------------------
> > This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@listbox.com.
> > For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help,
> > email apisto-request@listbox.com.
> > Search http://altavista.digital.com for "Apistogramma Mailing
> > List Archives"!
> >
>
> -------------------------------------------------------------------------
> This is the apistogramma mailing list, apisto@listbox.com.
> For instructions on how to subscribe or unsubscribe or get help,
> email apisto-request@listbox.com.
> Search http://altavista.digital.com for "Apistogramma Mailing List Archives"!




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Opals and Red and Black apisto

by Mike & Diane Wise <apistowise/bewellnet.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Feb 2001
To: apisto/listbox.com

Daryl,

The original A. borellii (Opal) strain was produced in the former East Germany
(called Opalita) using highly colored "super" specimens. I wouldn't call them a
rarity, but the original pure Opal strains that produce mostly Opal offspring are
becoming rare. They are still around and available in the the US. A few wild
caught Opal specimens can be picked out of any shipment of wild imports. I am
sure that wild Opals produce off colored forms - since we probably don't have
inbred "super" specimens. When these wild "super" males (or females) are bred
with inbred Opals you just have to expect some odd combinations.

Your Red & Black Apisto is not a normal commercial or common name. It sounds like
a name made up just to make them seem different. They could be anything. 90% of
all apistos have red and black markings, so this fish could be anything.

Mike Wise



Daryl Hudson wrote:

> I was wondering if anyone on the list knows whether or not this fish is hard
> to find in the US?  About six months ago, my LFS had a few.  I went back to
> purchase them, and they had sold all but one pair (the best looking ones
> they had).  They wouldn't sell me the final pair, said they were for display
> only!  They haven't been able to get in any more.  I've seen yellow borellii
> a few times, but not the opals again.
>
> Is their rarity caused from the 'opal' not being a set color form?  Seems
> from some of the posts I've read on the Krib, some folks spawned borellii
> and got both yellow and opal fry.
>
> Another question, while I'm posting.  Does anyone know which species goes by
> the common name "Red and Black" Apistogramma?  I know common names can be
> sketchy, so give it a try if you'd like.  I saw some labeled as such on a
> website, unfortunately, no pictures.
>
> Thanks for any help you can give.
>
> Daryl

Borelii 'yellow point' spawn

by Mike & Diane Wise <apistowise/bewellnet.com>
Date: Thu, 17 Aug 2000
To: apisto/listbox.com

Lilia



> My questions:
> 1. can a female borelii lay eggs without fertilization by a male in the
> presence of males in the tank?

Yes, but most females will reabsorb the eggs if there is no male of her own or
closely related species to stimulate her spawning urge.

>
> 2. who should care for eggs - female alone or both parents?

All apistos are maternal egg brooders. The are reports of A. borellii  males
taking over brooding larvae (pre-swimming fry) if the female is lost. It is
uncommon, however.

>
> 3. Is it safe to keep borelii with steindachneri - or should I separate them so
> they will not interbreed?

I doubt that they would interbreed. They are very different fish. I certainly
wouldn't keep these two species together. Male A. steindachneri are among the
largest apistos out there. I've had males exceed 4"/10cm TL. A. borellii males
rarely get larger than 2"/5cm. A territorial A. steindachneri can easily kill any
A. borellii. We are dealing with territorial cichlids, after all. Just because
they are small doesn't mean they won't behave like other larger cichlids.

>
> 4. How sensitive are borelii to pH and hardness? I mean, for breeding?

A. borellii is a savanna apisto and can reproduce in slightly basic, moderately
hard water (pH<7.4, ~12ºdH. If you can get your A. cacatuoides to successfully
breed in your water, your A. borellii should be successful in the same water.

Mike Wise


"Stepanova, Lilia" wrote:

>
> Hi guys,
>
> I got 2m+3f group of borelii 'yellow point' couple of weeks ago. ALl of them
> are in one tank with one male steindachneri who is rather aggressive and has
> a central cave (flower pot) in the tank.
> One of the females now is tending eggs in a pot next to steindachneri male.
> 1) No courting was observed, although I may miss it because borelii are
> rather shy now.
> 2) steindachneri male does not let anyone near his cave, although borelii
> female is now in the cave and he doesn't bother her.
> 3) no males show interest in eggs.
> My questions:
> 1. can a female borelii lay eggs without fertilization by a male in the
> presence of males in the tank?
> 2. who should care for eggs - female alone or both parents?
> 3. Is it safe to keep borelii with steindachneri - or should I separate them
> so they will not interbreed?
> 4. How sensitive are borelii to pH and hardness? I mean, for breeding?
>
>
> Thanks,
>
> LIlia

pH sexratio Pelvicachromis

by Mike & Diane Wise <apistowise/bewellnet.com>
Date: Tue, 27 Feb 2001
To: apisto/listbox.com

Yes, I agree with you there. A. borellii is a weird little apisto. It comes from a different
climate zone, for the most part, and even has different behavioral and brood color patterns
compared to most apistos. That's why it's been placed in a species-group all by itself.

Mike Wise

jonathan wrote:

> Sorry Mike, you are right. Specific species and their distributions might
> involve other pH ranges in the remote corners of the watershed. I think
> what I was trying to convey is that since Rubin found pH to affect sex in
> developing A. borellii throughout 6.2 to 7.2, it seems that Romer's 4.5,
> 5.5, and 6.5 are not thoroughly investigating the spectrum but rather the
> acidic extreme of the speectrum specific to A. borellii.
>
> -------------------------------------------
> Jonathan Fung... Reef Geek
> Dalhousie University Honours Marine Biology
> Aqua Creations Inc. Assistant Manager
> writer for Marine Fish Monthly
> -------------------------------------------
>
> On Tue, 27 Feb 2001, jonathan wrote:
>
> >
> > Studies on the Amazon watershed indicate that the seasonal pH regime
> > fluctuates between 6 to 7.2. Thus, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5 falls on the acidic
> > extreme of the pH variation spectrum found in natural annual pH regimes.
> >
> > Growth and development (specifically mitosis rates) are affected, even
> > while raising fry. At 82 F, eggs hatch after 2 days, at 72 F, eggs hatch
> > after 5 days. The window of sensitivity appears to be between 72hrs and
> > 800 hrs. I was implying growth as synonymous with development, my bad.
> >
> > Your suggestion sounds interesting, but I am only doing one thesis and
> > the deadline is approaching. Someone else might wish to try.
> >
> > -------------------------------------------
> > Jonathan Fung... Reef Geek
> > Dalhousie University Honours Marine Biology
> > Aqua Creations Inc. Assistant Manager
> > writer for Marine Fish Monthly
> > -------------------------------------------
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > On Tue, 27 Feb 2001, Mike & Diane Wise wrote:
> >
> > > Jonathan,
> > >
> > > Your use of the term "acidic extremes" bothers me. What pH values are "extreme" actually
> > > depends on the species being bred. There are many species that find pH 5.5 (e.g. A.
> > > paucisquamis) and even 4.5 (e.g. A. sp. Weißsaum) not only acceptable, but necessary for
> > > successful reproduction. Neutral to slightly alkaline conditions don't just produce
> > > unsuccessful spawns, but even the adults have problems surviving in them.
> > >
> > > You will also note that Römer & Beisenherz claim that spawning temperatures are not the
> > > primary sex determinant. It is the temperature at which the fry are raised. I imagine
> > > that growth could play a part in this. You might be able to test this by seeing if poorly
> > > fed fry raised at high temperatures produce the same sex ratios as well fed fry at lower
> > > temperatures (This assumes that both groups would grow at about the same rate.). If this
> > > could be proved, then we would see temperature being less important > for Apistogramma <
> > > than growth rate. Pelvicachromis, however, don't seem to work the same as apistos.
> > >
> > > Mike Wise
> > >
> > > jonathan wrote:
> > >
> > > > Romer and Beisenherz found that temperature has more effect than pH.
> > > > However, they only looked at 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5 which can be considered
> > > > acidic extremes. Furthermore, since temperature has an effect on growth
> > > > rate, it is possible that growth rate is a confounding variable.
> > > > Therefore, the validity of the claim is compromised.
> > > >
> > > > -------------------------------------------
> > > > Jonathan Fung... Reef Geek
> > > > Dalhousie University Honours Marine Biology
> > > > Aqua Creations Inc. Assistant Manager
> > > > writer for Marine Fish Monthly
> > > > -------------------------------------------
> > > >
> > > > On Tue, 27 Feb 2001, Jacques BESSON wrote:
> > > >
> > > > > Is the influence of the pH about sexratio on the fry of this fish the same as  to
> > > > > apisto ?
> > > > > The study of Romer , about Apisto, concludes ( if I remember correctly)  : " Low pH
> > > > > (5.5 and below) produced more males", and influence of temperature is more
> > > > > significant than pH.
> > > > > An idea about ?
> > > > > Thanks
> > > > > J.Besson
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >

	Up to Apistogramma/Dwarf Cichlids The Krib	This page was last updated 16 February 2002